Module 3 | Lesson 5
Trening gramatyczny: Gerund (-ing) & Infinitive (to do)
Grammar Rules
| Verb + Gerund (-ing) | Verb + Infinitive (to do) | Verb + Both (Meaning changes!) |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy, mind, avoid, finish, suggest, consider, postpone, anticipate, admit, deny | agree, decide, expect, hope, promise, refuse, seem, intend, hesitate, struggle | remember, forget, stop, try, regret |
| I avoid driving in rush hour. | She decided to quit her job. | I stopped smoking (quit). I stopped to smoke (paused). |
Key Vocabulary
| English | Meaning / Context | Polish |
|---|---|---|
| to anticipate (doing sth) | expect or predict | przewidywać, oczekiwać |
| to postpone (doing sth) | arrange for a later time | odłożyć, przełożyć |
| to hesitate (to do sth) | pause before acting | wahać się |
| to struggle (to do sth) | have difficulty | zmagać się |
| to commit to (doing sth) | pledge or promise to do | zobowiązać się do |
| to intend (to do sth) | have as a plan or purpose | zamierzać |
| to tackle (a problem) | make an effort to deal with | stawić czoła, uporać się z |
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
1 She refused (answer) the question during the meeting.
2 We anticipate (have) some problems with the new software.
3 He struggled (understand) the complicated instructions.
4 Did you remember (lock) the door when you left the house?
5 I clearly remember (lock) it. I have the key right here.
Listening: Office Decisions
1. What did Mark avoid doing?
2. What does Sarah suggest?
3. What did Mark promise to do?
Sarah: Have you finished the report yet?
Mark: No, I’m struggling to get the data. I totally forgot to ask IT for access.
Sarah: Did you tell the boss?
Mark: I avoided telling him… I hoped to fix it today.
Sarah: I suggest postponing the deadline. You can’t put off telling the client forever.
Reading Comprehension
Przeczytaj teksty i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź.1. What did David struggle with initially?
2. What did he refuse to do?
True/False Listening
1. Alex promised to visit his grandmother.
2. He avoided buying tickets online.
“I finally arranged my trip to Italy! I promised to visit my grandmother in Rome, so that’s my first stop. I didn’t mind buying the plane tickets online, it was actually very easy. I don’t plan to rent a car, I’ll just use public transport.”
Writing Task
📝 Task: A difficult decision
Write a short paragraph (approx. 80-120 words) about a difficult decision you had to make recently (or in the past). Include the following:
- What the decision was about and what you anticipated happening.
- Something you struggled to do or hesitated to do.
- Something you stopped doing, and something you decided to try instead.
- Czego dotyczyła decyzja i co przewidywałeś/aś, że się wydarzy.
- Coś, z czym się zmagałeś/aś lub z czym wahałeś/aś się podjąć.
- Coś, co przestałeś/aś robić, i coś, co zdecydowałeś/aś się wypróbować zamiast tego.
Your Writing
A few months ago, I decided to change my career path. I anticipated having a hard time finding a new job, so I hesitated to quit my old one. I struggled to balance my time, but I refused to give up. I stopped watching TV in the evenings and tried taking online courses instead…
Checklist
Final Revision
1. I miss abroad with my friends.
2. Don’t forget milk on your way home!
3. I remember the safe before I left.
1. It’s no use about the weather.
2. I can’t afford a holiday right now.
Submit Your Work
Upewnij się, że przeklikałeś/aś “Sprawdź” we wszystkich ćwiczeniach. System zliczy Twoje punkty!
Gerund & Infinitive – Kiedy używać? Lesson 3
Masz problem z wyborem między końcówką -ing a bezokolicznikiem? Poznaj kluczowe zasady i wyjątki, które ułatwią Ci płynne mówienie.